Asian Human Right Records And Western Criticism Essay

Asian Human Right Records And Western Criticism - Essay Example It depicts the human rights record of United States and Western Community as entire and their job towards harmony, security and human rights. Asia is a nation of stunning family of methods of reasoning and customs dependent on individuals. There has been extraordinary exertion and progress from Asian nations towards the change of its strategies with a pace significantly quicker than the Western nations. The factor that blocks this advancement isn't simply the way of life yet it is the rulers and key players who swear off such an advancement. The point here is that it isn't culture however vote based system that sets the country's destiny (Kim Dae-jung, 1994) It isn't consistent with state that the Asian nations need helpful exercises completely. Such an observation about Asia is advertised everywhere throughout the world by western media and specialists and individuals here and there neglect to see the genuine picture behind the scene. A large portion of the total populace possess in Asia. The judgment of such a land secured by enormous populace from various roots, hues and statement of faith totally based on human rights even before understanding the genuine truth isn't at all equitable. For much elaboration of this point, as indicated by Sen Amartya (1994), each country and society bears a privilege of individual freedom for its kin. Each nation has an option to think and make plans to furnish its kin with essential human rights with no interruptions from the outcasts or facades. In spite of the fact that it is in some cases directly for a pariah to question on a serious lack of respect of human right by a state yet it not in the least just to continue pinpointing the others' missteps while completely disregarding its own off-base doings that persistently hamper the path to the accomplishment of a quiet worldwide town. The differentiation relating to customs and standards exists among Asian and Western nations yet as per Weil Robert (1994) the serious issue the present world countenances is the issue of setting double model for West and Asia. In the event that we consider the acts of United States itself, as professing to be the best advocator of harmony and human rights for everybody in this world, we would see that it has itself been dismissing the idea of human rights and been making and support the extreme disrupters of human rights. The models could be the Guatemalan military system, Tiananmen, Panama City, Tibet, Puerto Rico or more all steady refusal to comply with the worldwide universal norms for execution of world harmony and security. One could likewise represent the occasion when the United States itself dismissed and denied the World Court judgment to assume a job in the remaking of Nicaragua, the hour of police compulsion, the rate of Rodney King tormented on TV and the event of a pro gression of destroying conditions as the outcome of the occasion, the political fomentations in United States. A short rundown for the United States would need to incorporate Leonard Peltier, Puerto Rican occurrence, and the dark prey of cointelpro detained, killed, or compelled to oust, the instance of jail work and it has even been accounted for in China by the press that the US government has improved its current fares of merchandise produced by the detainees. US itself covers its demonstrations of negligence to human rights under the veil of world harmony controller. China is among those Asian nations that has been constantly reprimanded by the West, particularly United States for its supposed barbaric

Take Care with Album

Take Care with Album Take Care with Album Take Care with Album By Maeve Maddox A peruser laments the error and incorrect spelling of the word collection as ablum: †¦ frequently abused by DJs and music reporters which is extremely dismal! The word collection originates from Latin albus, white. In antiquated Rome, a collection was a clear tablet into which orders and other open issues were engraved. In the seventeenth century, German researchers kept signature books to which they gave the Latin expression collection amicorum. Later the term was applied to scrapbooks that contained keepsakes. In his 1755 word reference Samuel Johnson characterized collection as a book in which outsiders have for some time been familiar with embed signatures of commended individuals. Photo collections date from the 1850s. Record collections (33 1/3 rpm) went along in 1957. NOTE: See Jim Clintons record of prior record collections in his remark underneath. A Google scan for the incorrect spelling ablum yielded 773,000 hits. Not the entirety of the hits were inadvertent. For instance, Ablum is a Polish family name. Ablum is likewise the intentionally incorrectly spelled title of a music collection for kids recorded by a gathering called Duplex. Most are likely unintended: The most effective method to make your dynamic photograph slideshow and online photograph ablum and photograph exhibition Mercifully peruse our e-ablums Photograph Ablum Binders available to be purchased Here and there ablum is trailed by the right spelling, recommending that the first was a basic mistake. In this model, be that as it may, the incorrect spelling happens twice: †¦[I] never liked the ablum workmanship idea†¦ [I] have experienced the entirety of my melodies and found the ablum information Regardless of whether incorrect spellings of collection result from imprudent composing, assumed mind, or obliviousness, the outcome is the equivalent: a superfluous incorrect spelling. Cautious authors will need to investigate the word before hitting the send or distribute button. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Spelling class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†30 Baseball IdiomsGrammatical Case in English

The Elephant Parable, 2013 Edition - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

The Elephant Parable, 2013 Edition - UGA Undergraduate Admissions The Elephant Parable, 2013 Edition As the end of March approaches, First Year decisions will soon be available. Every year after these decisions, there are a wave of unhappy comments about specific decisions. For the past several years we have had a post about the importance of knowing everything about a situation before judging it. Below is a re-post of the Elephant Parable. Once upon a time, in a faraway land, there lived six blind men. Each of them was very wise. Each of them had gone to school and read lots of books in braille. They knew so much about so many things that people would often come from miles around to get their advice. They were happy to share whatever they knew with the people who asked them thoughtful questions. One day these six wise blind men went for a walk in the zoo. That day the zoo-keeper was worrying about all of her many troubles. The night before she had had an argument with her husband, and her children had been misbehaving all day long. She had so much on her mind that she forgot to lock the gate of the elephant cage as she was leaving it. Now, elephants are naturally very curious animals. They quickly tried to push the gate to the cage to see if it might open. To their great surprise, the gate swung freely on its hinge. Two of the more daring elephants walked over to the gate. They looked left and right, and then quietly tip-toed out of the cage. Just at that moment the six blind men walked by. One of them heard a twig snap, and went over to see what it was that was walking by. Hi there ! said the first blind man to the first elephant. Could you please tell us the way to the zoo restaurant? The elephant couldnt think of anything intelligent to say, so he sort of shifted his weight from left to right to left to right. The first blind man walked over to see if this big silent person needed any help. Then, with a big bump, he walked right into the side of the elephant. He put out his arms to either side, but all he could feel was the big body of the elephant. Boy, said the first blind man. I think I must have walked into a wall. The second blind man was becoming more and more curious about what was happening. He walked over to the front of the elephant and grabbed hold of the animals trunk. He quickly let go and shouted, This isnt a wall. This is a snake! We should step back in case its poisonous. The third man quickly decided to find out what was going on, and to tell his friends what they had walked into. He walked over to the back of the elephant and touched the animals tail. This is no wall, and this is no snake. You are both wrong once again. I know for sure that this is a rope. The fourth man sighed as he knew how stubborn his friends could be. The fourth blind man decided that someone should really get to the bottom of this thing. So he crouched down on all fours and felt around the elephants legs. (Luckily for the fourth man, this elephant was very tame and wouldnt think of stepping on a human being.) My dear friends, explained the fourth man. This is no wall and this is no snake. This is no rope either. What we have here, gentlemen, is four tree trunks. Thats it. Case closed. The fifth blind man was not so quick to jump to conclusions. He walked up to the front of the elephant and felt the animals two long tusks. It seems to me that this object is made up of two swords, said the fifth man. What I am holding is long and curved and sharp at the end. I am not sure what this could be, but maybe our sixth friend could help us. The sixth blind man scratched his head and thought and thought. He was the one who really was the wisest of all of them. He was the one who really knew what he knew, and knew what he didnt know. Just then the worried zoo-keeper walked by. Hi there ! How are you enjoying the zoo today ? she asked them all. The zoo is very nice, replied the sixth blind man. Perhaps you could help us figure out the answer to a question thats been puzzling us. Sure thing, said the zoo-keeper, as she firmly grabbed the elephants collar. My friends and I cant seem to figure out what this thing in front of us is. One of us thinks its a wall; one thinks its a snake; one thinks its a rope, and one thinks its four tree trunks. How can one thing seem so different to five different people? Well, said the zoo-keeper. You are all right. This elephant seems like something different to each one of you. And the only way to know what this thing really is, is to do exactly what you have done. Only by sharing what each of you knows can you possibly reach a true understanding. The six wise men had to agree with the wisdom of the zoo-keeper. The first five of them had been too quick to form an opinion without listening to what the others had to say. So they all went off to the zoo restaurant and had a really hearty lunch. When admissions is looking at an application, we are reviewing the whole applicant in the context of their situation. While someone might know or read one aspect of a student, they do not know the whole of an applicants life. You might see the number of AP courses taken by one student over another, but not know all of the classes taken or how we look at the overall rigor. You might see SAT/ACT scores that seem slightly lower than another student, but not know the individual subscores. You might see a student with less clubs, but not see the students family life, employment or other demands put on that person. When commenting on the blog or looking at other applicants, please keep in mind that you may know one thing about a student, but you do not know the whole of the person. We are looking at everything within a students file, seeing connections, understanding strengths and weaknesses, and trying to see the overall person. You might think that you know a situation because you know one aspect of an applicant, but you might just be holding an elephants tail and thinking its a rope.

Plastic Surgery And Its Effects - 880 Words

Plastic surgery has advanced drastically in the past few years. Before plastic surgery was an option, to correct a body part from injury, disease or an illness they had to just deal with their appearance. Today many people are getting plastic surgery to improve their appearance because they believe in their minds that something is wrong with them base on what our sociality standard are. I think it is an unnecessary surgery and many people put their health and well-being at risk. Some people even lose their lives because the toxins have leaked in their body, face lifts leaves some people deformed, and mentally handicap. The history of plastic surgery originated in the early 800 B.C; when surgeons in India reconstructed broken noses, for people who had taken off as a form of punishment. In World War I many plastic surgery techniques were developed in order to correct soldier’s disfigured facial injuries. (History of Plastic Surgery) In the beginning, breast argumentation first started to women with micromastia, which is, an underdevelopment of breast tissue due to a congenital disorder. In 2007 nearly twelve million cosmetic procedures were performed, the top five were breast argumentation, liposuction, nasal surgery, eyelid surgery and abdominoplasty. (Wikipedia) Our sociality has this image that everyone should look like a Barbie doll. That leads people to get cosmetic surgery to improve a body part that they believe is imperfect. In fact, there is not one flawless humanShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Plastic Surgery1389 Words   |  6 PagesPlastic surgery in today’s medical world Plastic surgery can be defined as the specialty in the medical field that involves the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. Plastic surgery can be separated into two groups: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. The thesis of this essay is to examine these two types of surgery and to examine the effect that it has on today’s medical world, and what causes people to seek plastic surgery. Reconstructive surgery includes craniofacialRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects867 Words   |  4 PagesPlastic surgery is known throughout the world as a way to improve one’s self-image, thereby gaining confidence and self-assurance. This surgical intervention can be safe, but it can also be immensely dangerous. Plastic surgery is defined as the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body, especially by the transfer or removal of tissue. This surgical phenomenon can be utilized for the treatment of an injury or cosmetic inhancements. For many reasons, plastic surgery can be categorizedRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pages Each year, the plastic surgery industry brings in $10.1 billion dollars in the United States alone (Goudreau). The surgery itself consists of two types: reconstructive surgery, which â€Å"replaces damaged tissue with healthy tissue from another area of the body† (Lee), and cosmetic surgery, which is the removal or addition of tissue in order to â€Å"make a person look younger or more attractive†(Gregg). Plastic surgery comes from the Greek word plastikos, which means to shape or to form (Gregg). DatingRead MoreSide Effects of Plastic Surgery1231 Words   |  5 PagesSide Effects of Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery, like most of medicine, was a work in progress for centuries. Now people are paying top dollar to modify their body, everything from their face to their stomach to even their buttocks. The question one must consider before making a decision to change physically is, are the side effects worth it? Under going plastic surgery can open-doors for bacterial or viral infections, allergic reactions from medications to result in unwanted scars, irreversibleRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Plastic Surgery1281 Words   |  6 Pages The Effects of Technology on Plastic Surgery Ludwig Wittgenstein ,a british philosopher,once said, â€Å"The human body is the best picture of the human soul.† Though this may be untrue, or widely disagreed with, it shows that people are judged by their appearance. But what if someone is born unattractive, should they stay that way for their entire life? If there is a cure to disfigurement, does that mean people should ignore it just because it’s frowned upon? According to the world book encyclopediaRead MoreThe Personal Effects Of Plastic Surgery1210 Words   |  5 PagesThe Personal Effects of Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery dates back to somewhere around 2000 B.C. and has only advanced since that time. Today people all over the world get these procedures done for many reasons. Some reasoning behind individuals getting plastic surgery is to fix a birth defect, deformability, or for cosmetic purposes. In today’s society, getting plastic surgery for cosmetics purposes is very popular but with that comes many negative comments or thoughts towards that person gettingRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects On Society1363 Words   |  6 PagesAs of recent plastic surgery has become extremely popular, so popular to the point that it has gotten out of control. Although it has been around for many years, the high standards of beauty in today’s society has recently led both women and men to resolve their so-called imperfections with plastic surgery, making plastic surgery the new norm. Sadly, in this day and age all you see when turning on the TV, flipping through a magazine, or sim ply going on social media, is models creating an ideal imageRead MoreThe Emotional Effects Of Plastic Surgery1016 Words   |  5 PagesThe debate of the emotional impacts of plastic surgery and how it impacts patients and doctors has been in recent debates. Specifically, how these emotional effects influence the mental health of the individuals involved. Stephanie Dubick’s â€Å"When You Have Body Dysmorphia, Coping Through Plastic Surgery Can Be a Nightmare† and David Castle’s â€Å"Body dysmorphic disorder and cosmetic surgery: are surgeons too quick to nip and tuck?† both agree that plastic surgery could lead to an onset of body dysmorphicRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects On Society844 Words   |  4 PagesReal-Life Photoshop Plastic Surgery is defined as the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body, either in the treatment for injury or cosmetic reason. Just like any other topic, plastic surgery has both negative and positive attributes. Depending on the opinion, there may be more of one than that of the other, but in the case of this paper there are more negative. Plastic surgery has been deemed acceptable by countless celebrities and television shows, and has left a huge not soRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effect On Society1995 Words   |  8 Pagesdoing plastic surgery. With the strong development of medical equipment and technology, there is no doubt that a person could easily get access to information about plastic surgery and eventually go under the knife in the future. But the most important question for this controversial issue is â€Å"Will plastic surgery promote or destroy beauty?† which could be a challenge to answer for many people. However, by discussing two aspe cts of the problem, the benefits and drawbacks of plastic surgery, this

Speed Race Benelli and QJ Compete in the International Motorbike Arena - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 325 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? What are the fundamental cultural differences that may impede success after the acquisition? The acquisition will result in the Russian company being dismantled, and the machinery that they own will be transferred to the United Kingdom, and they will not only lose the brand but also the job that they have now. Education is the fundamental cultural difference that might interfere with the success of an organization or a person after the acquisition. There is a difference that lies in between an employer who equates the employees with the success and their credentials. There is a difference between an employee who has college skills and one that has the practical knowledge and experiences.   There is the cultural difference which is the personal background of a person. The place where a person lives will determine a lot the cultural differences in the workplace and the relationship that will be built in between the other colleagues. This, for instance, comes in when communicating, language barriers or the manner in which the business is being conducted. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Speed Race Benelli and QJ Compete in the International Motorbike Arena" essay for you Create order What are the key problems related to cultural differences and which integration approach should the company follow to overcome these challenges? Various challenges may arise due to cultural differences. For one, there is confrontation vs. consensus building. A person is likely to be affected by their background when it comes to the styles of communicating. A person is being confronted by their background.   There is the problem of religion and the workplace.   Religion is a major issue that can come and become an issue in the workplace. People have a different kind of worship, and this might be a risk for there are those people that dislike or are against certain other religions.   For the leader to solve all the cultural barriers then they must be in a position to learn their clients culture, promote appreciation of cultural differences and lastly they should be open when it comes to trying new things.

Facebook Has Become Very Boring Free Essays

Facebook has become very boring with all this cooking and slavery stuff. I believe feminism goes beyond who cooks at home and who doesn’t. There are more pressing issues at hand to be dealt with regarding feminism but as things stand now, it seems most of us have misplaced priorities. We will write a custom essay sample on Facebook Has Become Very Boring or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are women who are being oppressed and harassed in their workplaces, at school and even in their places of worship. These people are the ones who need voices in higher places to speak up for them. Uncles are raping cousins, fathers are sleeping with their daughters and husbands are sexually abusing their wives, these are the issues that need redress. These issues demand voices in the higher echelons of power to stand up for them. Brides are trapped in violent marriages they dare not come out to speak about or against. Over 600,000 girls are trafficked over the Atlantic every year and used as escorts in Spain, Mexico, China and all over the world; these ones need voices, voices in higher places to represent and fight for them. Female genital mutilation is still ongoing in our backyard. Girls are being given into early marriages, some are being used to atone for the sins of their fathers. No one is really talking about these things. The voice of the female child is stifling gradually and those in the position to speak up for them are rather wasting their breath on debates on who must cook or not, while we watch all these evils befall the innocent girl child who never asked her parents to meet and mate â€Å"under one coconut tree.† Women are scared to speak up and defend themselves. Your boss at work can touch you indiscriminately because he feels he gave you the job, your lecturer can decide to fail you because you refused his sexual advances, your pastor can touch your breast because you went to him to pray for you†¦and in all these, we still do not have a voice to speak. The girl child finds it difficult to trust anyone. There is a glass ceiling above competent and qualified women they cannot go past at the workplace. And it gets very irritating when you come online and the core issues are sidelined and peripheral stuff are rather discussed on national platforms. Big voices who must be speaking for these largely marginalized ones are talking about cooking being slavery or not. It is funny feminism has been belittled into â€Å"who becomes the head of the family?† and not â€Å"let’s help the girl child to excel in all spheres and overcome all her fears†. Feminism is not about calling men names, slamming your fellow females and cussing those who disagree with you. Neither is it about arguing with people who try to perforate holes in everything someone who stands for the movement says even when they are right. We must learn to agree and disagree on issues intelligently. I am not really enthused with all this recent talk because it seems that is what we do these days. We go with the tide. Today, kitchen stool comes and we all talk about it and leave it there. Nobody moves further to check what really is happening in our schools and how we can help. Now it is cooking being slavery. It will also pass and we’ll troll one another on the next bandwagon How to cite Facebook Has Become Very Boring, Papers

International Marketing Strategy Promotion Strategy

Question: Discuss about theInternational Marketing Strategyfor Promotion Strategy. Answer: Introduction Businesses with large target markets with well-defined market segment are bound to select an appropriate promotion strategy for their business. Promotion has been one major element of the marketing mix where it incorporates one or more communication that involves the consumer. In the business environment, evolution occurs faster when there is a high competition for resources. As such, a business is expected to select the best promotion strategy that will market their products more effectively and gain a high rate of sale in the market. The below are some of the promotion strategies that can be used in a business. Advertising Advertisement can be an effective way of communicating with the customers. Advertisement can be effective and reliable if used in the most appropriate channels. Considering the rapid development of technology, and the use of digital devices, advertisement can be done online and is bound to reach millions of people using the online platforms. One can as well use the media, radio and televisions to air the advertisement to reach customers around the target market. Advertising can also be done by branding buildings and vehicles with the images of your products, its brand or the colors representing your business (Shrimp et al., 2013). These are bound to reach as many people who will be passing by the branded buildings or where the vehicle carrying your brand will be passing. Before using it as a media, the business management should evaluate its effectiveness and consider whether it will be the most cost-effective way of achieving the objectives of the business. While engaging in a campa ign, there is a necessity to consider the timing of the campaign. It is good to know exactly when the target customers will be most receptive of the ad and plan well in advance. It is important as most of the advertisement media are always booked months before the advert is displayed (Oliver, 2010). Public Relations Public relations can be used as a promotional strategy for a business whether when cleaning up a tarnished image of when launching a campaign. It is a strategy that most people believe to be carefully considered and created thoroughly to communicate the desired message to the desired people and in the right manner and at the right time. In this strategy, it is critical to work on proper research that will assist you to achieve the goals that the business has set in place. PR entails activities either online or offline that are designed to improve the communications and build the relationship with the target clients that matters in a business (Dole et al., 2008). When integrated, PR can accelerate the content marketing success in many ways. Just to mention, it can a medical database that needs to start with the business publications and other publications that are relevant I desired vertical markets. While engaging in PR, there is a need to pitch ideas that are relevant to the media c ontacts, where you need to seek opportunities for customized pitches after completion of editorial calendar list and the media database. In these, the strategy will be influencing the successful content marketing (Lamb et al, 2011). Sales Promotion It is one of the aspects of promotional mix. There are three strategies under sales promotion that makes it a better promotion strategy in marketing. There is a push promotional strategy in this section that used the sales force of a company to create a consumer demand for the product. It involves the art of convincing the trade channel members to enhance the marketing of the product through the distribution media. The other is the pull strategy that tries to get the consumers to demand the product from the manufacture via a marketing channel. The company focuses the marketing communication efforts on the clients hoping that it will stimulate the interest and demand of the particular product at the level of the consumer. It is a sales promotion strategy that needs one to spend more time on the advertisement and consumer promotion so as to establish a consumer demand for the brand. The third strategy in this section is the combination of the push and pulls strategy. In this, there is both the enhancement of the sales by the manufacture and the clients will also be developing demand for the market. As such the sales promotion strategy will be effective and most reliable (Paley, 2006). Interactive Marketing Interactive marketing is where the customers will be expressing their preferences that will drive the marketers to produce much more relevant marketing information. It is a strategy that forms a two way communication between the merchant and the client. The promotion of a product in such a scenario develops to a dynamic process favoring the customers rather than being their leaders (Plummer Advertising Research Foundation, 2007). The marketing can take various forms as search engine marketing that appears to be most common. Users can type their questions on the search engine and they are given responses based on their search terms. Another interactive promotion strategy is the use of the business website. In the website, there are many opportunities for the businesses to engage with their clients. Promoting the business in an interactive manner has come along with advantages over the traditional marketing and the best example is that they are cost effective and time saving (Ferrell and Michael, 2014). When using the promotional strategies, it is best to consider their timing and the intended customers to identify one that will best suit the business. When these strategies are effectively employees, the business definitely counts success. Bibliographies Dole, Isobel, and Robin Lowe. 2008.International marketing strategy: analysis, development and implementation. London: Cengage Learning. https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=BqcFvs0ep1ECprintsec=frontcoverdq=International+marketing+strategy:+analysis,+development+and+implementation.hl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=International%20marketing%20strategy%3A%20analysis%2C%20development%20and%20implementation.f=false Ferrell, O. C., and Michael D. Hartline. 2014.Marketing strategy: text and cases. Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage Learning. https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=73lvLDCNeIcCprintsec=frontcoverdq=International+marketing+strategy:+analysis,+development+and+implementation.hl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=International%20marketing%20strategy%3A%20analysis%2C%20development%20and%20implementation.f=false Lamb, Charles W., Joseph F. Hair, and Carl D. McDaniel. 2011.Essentials of marketing. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=QpCvQfnPpNwCprintsec=frontcoverdq=Essentials+of+marketinghl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=Essentials%20of%20marketingf=false Oliver, Sandra. 2010.Public relations strategy. London: Kogan Page/CIPR. https://www.123library.org/book_details/?id=98917 Paley, Norton. 2006.The manager's guide to competitive marketing strategies. London: Thorogood. https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=KpLtp4puJUsCprintsec=frontcoverdq=The+manager%27s+guide+to+competitive+marketing+strategieshl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=The%20manager's%20guide%20to%20competitive%20marketing%20strategiesf=false Plummer, J. T., Advertising Research Foundation. (2007).The online advertising playbook: Proven strategies and tested tactics from the Advertising Research Foundation. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley Sons. https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=x8zjTq2vWesCprintsec=frontcoverdq=The+online+advertising+playbook:+Proven+strategies+and+tested+tactics+from+the+Advertising+Research+Foundationhl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=The%20online%20advertising%20playbook%3A%20Proven%20strategies%20and%20tested%20tactics%20from%20the%20Advertising%20Research%20Foundationf=false Shrimp, Terence A., and J. Craig Andrews. 2013.Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=gWfVlJAp31wCprintsec=frontcoverdq=Advertising,+promotion,+and+other+aspects+of+integrated+marketing+communications.hl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=Advertising%2C%20promotion%2C%20and%20other%20aspects%20of%20integrated%20marketing%20communications.f=false

Risk Control Systems and Performance

Critical control systems Critical risk control systems are essential in various infrastructures notably those in the energy sector.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Risk Control Systems and Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to the increased integration in enterprise systems in modern settings, there is an increased need for the establishment of inherently secure risk control systems which are designed and implemented in such a way that they minimize vulnerabilities to constant threats being posed by both internal and external forces (Young et al. 2005). Occurrence of these risks would heavily impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization consequently impacting on the profitability as well as the outlook of the organization (Fraser 2010). Energy companies are often confronted by severe technical security risks due to the delicate nature of their operations. It is, therefore, the duty of the organization’s owners and operators to establish the link between the prevailing risks in production and distribution process for energy products and vulnerabilities inherent in the risk control systems (Young et al. 2005). Subsequently, the firm’s management should institute and integrate risk control systems, which should be continually improved in order to defend creation and distribution operations from any harm (unintentional and intentional). It is essential for companies to implement efficient risk control systems since failure of the same may result in endangerment to human life and the environment, loss of profitability for the affected company, and harm to the nation’s energy production infrastructure (Young et al. 2005). Risk refers to the possibility of occurrence of an event that could adversely affect the company’s personnel, assets, environment, reputation, or even overflow to the external surroundings (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). R isk is, therefore, a necessary part of the organization which should be approached with a lot of caution.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since risk-taking is an inherent part of any business enterprise seeking to prosper in the market, it is important for the organization to embrace an amount of risk adequate for effective performance of the business. However, these risks require proper management and control in order to enhance the company’s ability to achieve its long term objectives and maintain its profitability. Risk management and critical control systems play an essential role in directing organizations towards achieving operations safety by continually preventing and managing these risks (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). Risk control systems, therefore, refer to a dynamic system adopted by a specific organization to regulate and maintain risks in the company at ce rtain acceptable levels (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). Critical risks control systems entail a set of resources, procedures, guidelines and actions that are adopted by the organization in order to manage risks. The risk control systems play a major role in creating and preserving the organization’s values, assets as well as its reputation in both the internal and external environment (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). The risk control systems seek to identify and address the potential risks and opportunities that the company is likely to incur in the future on occurrence of risks after which they address and anticipate these risks rather than submitting them passively. The risk management systems assist in the process of decision making and the company’s processes to attain its objectives (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). Through the control systems, the organization seeks to identify the main incidences and events that are likely to influence the company’s long term performance and interf ere with the attainment of the company’s objectives. Since it is every organization’s goal to reach the highest level of performance, controlling these risks promotes the company’s performance and enhances the attainment of the company’s objectives. Risk management is an integral part of any organization’s decision-making and operating processes since the decisions made by the organization have to be based on the possibility of occurrence of various risk. Risk control systems allow managers to gain a comprehensive outlook of the company’s threats an opportunities consequently enabling them to make informed decisions based on the probability of risk.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Risk Control Systems and Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Risk control systems and risk management promote consistency of the company’s actions with its value (Poupart-L afarge 2007). This is because they seek to address the issues likely to affect both the internal and external environment consequently demonstrating corporate responsibility. Occurrence of risks often threatens the company’s credibility and reflects the company’s lack of consistency between decision-making process and critical risk costs. It is therefore important for organization’s to contain the effects of risks occurrence by ensuring that the risk is efficiently controlled. Sound risk control systems significantly reduce the probability of risk occurrence consequently promoting the image of the organization both internally and externally. In addition, risk management systems promote cohesion among company’s employees as well as other stakeholders as they work together behind a shared vision of reducing the incidences of risk occurrence in the organization. It is the duty of each organization; therefore, to establish a risk control system that is applic able to its specific circumstances (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). The risk control system should incorporate an organizational framework that defines the roles and responsibilities of all the stakeholders, sets out the procedures, and clearly outlines the consistent standards of the system in order to enhance the attainment of its purpose. In addition, the framework should constitute a risk control policy that sets out the system’s objectives in accordance with the corporate culture that should highlight the company’s approach to the identification, analysis and management of risks in the organization. Further, the system should have an advanced information system that facilitates efficient and accurate dissemination of information within the organization. This ensures that the relevant information is transmitted intended recipient within the stipulated time, which consequently enhances performance in the organization. An efficient risk control process manifests itself in a t hree-stage process; the three-stage process entails risk identification, risk analysis and risk management procedures (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). In risk identification, the company seeks to establish the main risks threatening the company’s attainment of its goals and objectives. These risks may derive from internal or external forces.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Risk analysis, on the other hand, involves the examination of the potential financial, personal, and environmental as well as the reputation implications of the risk occurrence on the company (Greenberg 1991). This enhances the company’s response to accidents upon occurrence. Further, the likelihood of risk occurrence should be assessed in order to award priority to events most likely to occur. The final step involves risk management procedures, whereby the most appropriate action plans for the organization are chosen and executed (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). The organization adopts these measures in order to maintain a certain acceptable level of risk necessary for effective performance of the company. The organizations’ risk control systems seek to reduce the amount of risk, transfer the risk, and accept the risk or to completely eliminate the risks. The company makes the appropriate decision by weighing the costs and the opportunities of risk management measures with due consideration of their potential effects on the overall performance of the organization as well as its environs. The organization should subject the risk control systems to periodic supervision and reviews, which facilitates constant performance improvement. Critical risk control systems for a nuclear plant Nuclear plant activities carry with them an inherent risk that may negatively affect people or the environment (Heinrichs and Fell 1995). Consequently, the aim of all risk managers in the industry is to maintain risks levels as low as possible. The governing bodies embark on extensive regulation and control of the plant in order to safeguard it from internal and external threats. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission protects nuclear materials within the country from misappropriation, sensitive information from unauthorized disclosure, and regulates the use of radioactive materials in the plants in order to protect people and the environment (NRC 2010). Radioactive mat erials pose danger to human life and the environment through exposure to ionizing radiations. As defined by IAEA in 1988, one of the significant goals of safety management in nuclear plants is ensuring the protection of the plant’s personnel, the general public, and the environment through extensive defence against radiological hazards (Neeb 2007). The US NRC has implemented various measures to attain this goal. The events of September 11th that resulted to massive losses of lives prompted the US to increase its emphasis on security of radioactive materials. Consequently, the NRC has been fully dedicated to the process of providing security to nuclear materials without discouraging their beneficial use through the office of federal and state materials and environmental management program and the office of nuclear security and incidence response (NRC 2010). In the modern global energy, nuclear plant management are confronted with numerous dimensions of risks other than radioac tive hazards. Therefore, the management has to address these risks in order to remain competitive in the global market (IAEA 2001). Due to major advancements in information technology, there is an increased need for securing sensitive information in nuclear plants. Both classified and sensitive information relating to nuclear operations must be protected by the governing bodies due to its delicate nature. This is important since leakage of information to unauthorized persons may in some instances result in threat to national security, or enable unauthorized people to design, utilize, or manufacture nuclear weapons (NRC 2010). According to a report by IAEA (2001), the operating system of nuclear plant comprises of three major sectors; safety, productions, and commercial sectors which are embedded within a strategic outline and are interdependent of each other such that a decision made in one of the sectors consequently impacts on the performance of other sectors. An integrated risk c ontrol system, therefore, analyzes these factors and aims at minimizing or eliminating the risk associated with the same. Various bodies have been established to regulate nuclear activities in the world. These bodies award responsibility to the material licensees to maintain security and accountability of the radioactive material in their possession (NRC 2010). The nuclear licensees and security regulators have consequently agreed on a shared vision to ensure safe, secure and efficient utilization of nuclear materials under the Regulatory Nuclear Interface Protocol (HSE 2009). Plant protection and mitigation systems form an additional yet separated system of layers to the control systems by monitoring the nuclear plant variables (Chapin 1997). If these systems detect that the plant monitoring and control systems are not operating in line with the plant’s predetermined set of conditions, they proceed to shut down the plant. The systems (mitigation and protection) are discrete for the reason that they are physically detached from the software and hardware being employed by the firm’s control and operating systems. Also, they are environmentally designed to survive in the harshest anticipated accident conditions e.g. earthquakes (Chapin 1997). Licensing of risk control systems is governed by the Regulatory Commission in the United States. The federal government has established the (DHS) which has the overall responsibility among the federal agencies for assessing the vulnerability of the nation’s critical infrastructure to external threats and coordinating efforts to enhance security of the same. Back in 2005, DHS sought to inspect the nuclear sites in the United States in order to conduct security reviews which would assist them in assessing the risk and consequences of various events likely to affect the nuclear power plants (Wells 2007). This enabled the body to establish the most effective way of allocating federal resources to improve se curity in the nuclear plants. For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the primary focus is on the security of the sites and the protective measures applied to enhance such security. The NRC staffs possess vast knowledge and experience on matters relating to threat assessment which comes in handy in the process of assessing the possibility of threat to the nuclear power plant. Through the use of reports and secure databases, the NRC is able to analyze the information in order to identify specific references to nuclear power plants and to determine the possibility of terrorist attack to the nuclear plant (Wells 2007). Identification of risk control systems Flight control is an interesting yet a technically challenging subject for which a wide range of engineering disciplines have to align their skills and efforts in order to establish a successful control system that ensures that the aircrafts are operated in safe conditions (Pratt 2000). Since airline operations require maximum securi ty and safety conditions, it is essential for the airline management to ensure that the safety standards are maintained at all levels in order to avoid accidents. The causes of accidents and incidents in aircraft operations refer to events or conditions that lead to occurrence of aircraft accident. Accidents, on the other hand, refer to occurrences that affect the normal operations of an aircraft. Accidents may occur during the operations from the time a person boards an aircraft to the time that all the people have disembarked from the plane that results into serious injuries to people, damage to the aircraft and/or the disappearance of the aircraft (National research Council 1998). In the bowtie, the possible risks for the aircraft are clearly outlined. The causes of risks range from helicopter failure, overloading the helicopter, hazardous cargo on board which may result in aircraft accidents. In order to reduce the probability of such risk occurrences, the management should util ize proper risk control systems. Aircraft operators should strictly adhere to quality control systems which considerably reduces cases of aircraft failures and accidents. Aircraft owners and operators should ensure that their suppliers are providing them with approved aircrafts which have undergone extensive inspection and approval by the governing bodies. Aviation contractors should ensure that the helicopters are maintained in good and safe working conditions in order to promote safety in the long run. Regulatory bodies should certify effective aircraft manufacturers and constantly inspect their production processes in order to promote continuous quality aircraft manufacturing. In addition, the manufacturers must incorporate the standards upheld by airline operators which ensure that high-quality aircrafts are utilized consequently reducing the probability of aircraft failure. Governing bodies should ensure that safety procedures are followed at all levels of operations in order t o prevent helicopter. Aircrafts should be used for the appropriate duties and the operators should be highly qualified. Experienced and qualified pilots have the ability to execute their duties effectively and this significantly reduces the number of accidents. The pilots should accurately calculate the required weight and balance for each trip in order to avoid overloading the aircraft, which often result in aircraft accidents. In case of adverse environmental conditions, the pilot has the authority to abort any take-off or landing in order to prevent an accident. A competent pilot has the ability to adjust route in order to avoid sudden environmental changes such as storm. However, the airline operators should ensure continuous and accurate monitoring of environmental conditions in order to avoid such incidences. Effective communication among the relevant stakeholders is essential in the coordination of aircraft operations. The helicopter landing officer should be in constant comm unication with the pilot in order to promote safe landing and take off. Pre-flight induction and video briefing should be highly emphasized in order to enlighten those on board on matters regarding safety and emergency procedures. Effective and constant communication between the pilot and air traffic controllers has been essential in tracing lost aircrafts in the past. Further, the communication enables the air traffic controllers to establish the accurate time for aircraft landing consequently reducing incidences of helicopter crash at the rig. Functional and survivability requirements Continuous monitoring of the performance and quality standards of aircrafts and airlines is necessary in order to ensure that safety performance is achieved and maintained in the long run (Heldman 2005). Adopting critical risk control systems in the short run reduces the effectiveness of risk control systems in achieving long term objectives of the airline. To avoid such incidences, the airline admin istration should make use of the AIR monitors to guarantee constant execution of safety standards and continuous scrutiny of the producer’s control systems in order to establish the level of protection and to incessantly validate that they are still abiding by terms of the documentation as well as the delegation that they hold. The airline companies should establish solid regulatory bodies which should govern the safety standards in aircraft operations. Regulatory bodies should ensure that the rules and regulations such as IATA which regulates transport of hazardous materials are strictly enforced in order to avoid aircraft accidents resulting from hazardous material onboard. Further, these bodies should ensure that aircraft operators are highly qualified. For instance, the regulatory bodies should ensure that the aviation personnel possesses valid helicopter underwater training escape training which they must present before boarding the aircraft. Regulatory bodies should con stantly inspect the quality standards in aircraft operations in order to ensure that they are implemented and practiced in the long run. Effective communication should be embraced at all levels of aircraft operations. The management should constantly motivate their fellow employees to maintain safe standards in aircraft operations. Both vertical and horizontal communication should be promoted in order to promote coordination of the operations as well as contribution by fellow employees. Risk control system should be based on the basic fundamental principles of risk identification, risk analysis, action plan, and continuous monitoring of the process. Communication between aircraft operators should be enhanced through the utilization of modern technology which has substantially improved communication in the modern world Performance assessment Although the airline management may implement risk control systems effectively, it is important for them to assess the effectiveness of the syst em in order to achieve the intended objectives. Integration of risk control systems and safety assurance enables the attainment of this goal within organizations. The risk control process enables the management to identify the hazards prevalent in airline operations and the subsequent assessments of these risks. Performance assurance, on the other hand, takes control of the process by ensuring that the risks controls continue to be practiced within the organization and that they continue to achieve their intended purpose. This system further provides for an opportunity for the assessment of the need for new controls arising as a result of changes in the operational environment (Halford 2008). The management should, therefore, review the long term objectives of risk control systems and assess the probability of achievement based on current performance. Reference List Chapin, D. M., 1997. Digital instrumentation and control systems in nuclear power plants: safety and reliability issue s: final report, Washington D. C., National Academic Press. Fell, R., Heinrich, P., 1995. Acceptable risks for major infrastructures: proceedings of the seminar on acceptable risks for extreme events in planning and design of major infrastructures, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia, 26-27 April 1994. NY: Taylor and Francis. Fraser, J., 2010. Enterprise Risk Management: Today’s leading Research and Best Practices for Tomorrow’s Executives. Canada, John Wiley and Sons. Greenberg, R. H., 1991. Risk Assessment and Risk Management for the Chemical Process Industry. Canada, John Wiley and Sons. Halford, D. C., 2008. Safety Management Systems in Aviation. London, Ashgate Publishing Limited. Heldman, K., 2005. Projects Manager’s Spotlight on Right Management. Canada, John Wiley and Sons. HSE. 2009. Regulatory Nuclear Interface Protocol. Web. International Atomic Energy Agency. Risk Management: A Tool For Improving Nuclear Power Plant Performance, Austria: IAEA Web. National Ac ademic Press, 1998. Improving the Continued Airworthiness of Civil Aircraft: a Strategy for the FAA’s Aircraft Certification Service. Washington DC, National Academies Press. Neeb, K., 1997. The Radio Chemistry of Nuclear Power Plants with Light Water Reactors. London, Walter de Gruyter. NRC. 2010. Ensuring the security of radio active materials. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Web. Pratt, R., 2000. Flight Control Systems: Practices Issues in Design and Implementation. London, Institution of electrical engineers. Telefonica, S. A., 2005. Annual Report on Corporate Governance 2005. Web. Wells, J., 2007. Nuclear Power Plants: Efforts Made To Upgrade Security, But the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Design Basis Threat Process Should Be Improved. New York, Diane publishing. Young M. L., Stoddard M., Watters J., Nitschke R., Bodeau D., Kertzner P., 2005. Process Control System Security Technical Risk Assessment: Analysis of The Problem Domain. Dartmouth, Dartmouth publishi ng. This assessment on Risk Control Systems and Performance was written and submitted by user Kamren Baxter to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Power Production - sources of power production

Power Production - sources of power production Fuel Coal, oil, natural gas (or gas generated from landfills), wood fires, and hydrogen fuel cell technology are all examples of fuels, wherein the resource is consumed to release inherent energetic properties, usually being combusted to generate heat energy. Fuels may be either renewable (like wood or bio-fuel generated from products such as corn) or non-renewable (like coal or oil). Fuels generally create waste byproducts, some of which can be harmful pollutants. Geothermal The Earth generates a lot of heat while going about its normal business, in the form of subterranean steam and magma among others. The geothermal energy generated within the Earths crust can be harnessed and transformed into other forms of energy, such as electricity. Hydropower The use of hydropower involves using the kinetic motion in water as it flows downstream, part of the normal water cycle of the Earth, to generate other forms of energy, most notably electricity. Dams use this property as a means of generating electricity. This form of hydropower is called hydroelectricity. Waterwheels were an ancient technology which also made use of this concept to generate kinetic energy to run equipment, such as a grain mill, though it was not until the creation of modern water turbines that the principle of electromagnetic induction was used to generate electricity. Solar The sun is the single most significant source of energy to the planet Earth, and any energy that it provides which isnt used to help plants grow or to heat the Earth is basically lost. Solar power can be used with solar voltaic power cells to generate electricity. Certain regions of the world receive more direct sunlight than others, so solar energy is not uniformly practical for all areas. Wind Modern windmills can transfer the kinetic energy of the air flowing through them into other forms of energy, such as electricity. There are some environmental concerns with using wind energy, because the windmills often injure birds who may be passing through the region. Nuclear Certain elements undergo radioactive decay. Harnessing this nuclear energy and transforming it into electricity is one way to generate substantial power. Nuclear power is controversial because the material used can be dangerous and resultant waste products are toxic. Accidents that take place at nuclear power plants, such as Chernobyl, are devastating to local populations and environments. Still, many nations have adopted nuclear power as a significant energy alternative. As opposed to nuclear fission, where particles decay into smaller particles, scientists are continuing to study feasible ways of harnessing nuclear fusion for power production.   Biomass Biomass is not really a separate type of energy, so much as a specific type of fuel. It is generated from organic waste products, such as cornhusks, sewage, and grass clippings. This material contains residual energy, which can be released by burning it in biomass power plants. Since these waste products always exist, it is considered a renewable resource.

Strengthening of concrete using fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) Dissertation

Strengthening of concrete using fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) - Dissertation Example Further, the energy dissipation capacity increases in multiples of 10of the retrofitted column-beam joints under increased displacements, till failure at 0.4g for unconfined frame and at 0.5g for confined frame. Accelerations of the shake table at 0.2g and 0.4g are observed and it is found that the acceleration of the shake table is higher under 0.4g by at least a factor of 10. Comparing accelerations of the left and right joints of the first and second floors respectively, it is found that the acceleration increases by at least a factor of 10between the floors and also based on higher accelerations of 0.4g when compared to 0.2g. The relative displacements of the first and second floor joints are measured and it is found that the relative displacement of the second floor joint was high (almost 4 times) to the point of breakdown while that of the first floor joints was same as that of the shake table at 0.4g. ... elative displacements of the two floor joints with respect to shake table are observed for 0.4g and 0.5g for confined frame and it is observed that while the displacement of the shake table is almost same or slightly higher by a factor of 10 for 0.5g as compared to displacement at 0.4g, there is little difference in displacement at the two floors at 0.4g, it is noted that the relative displacements of the two floors remain almost the same at 0.5g when compared to the same with those at 0.4g. Stability of the frame is more at 0.4g than at 0.5g. It is also more for the second floor joints than at the first floor joints. As axial compression is more at the first floor joints than at the second floor joints, the torsional capacity and ductility are high for the square RC column-beam joints. Further, as the FRP is bonded at the tension zones, in this case, the joints of beam-column, with external mounting, the flexure strength is increased and the seismic behaviour is improved with TFCÂ ® composite bonding at the joints of both the

J.B Priestly's An Inspector Calls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

J.B Priestly's An Inspector Calls - Essay Example Priestly uses a number of dramatic devices to express these ideas, among others, to the audience, whilst still keeping them involved and interested in the plot. This play is very tightly structured as Priestly wanted to achieve a very quick and smooth running play where all the parts seemed to fit into one another. Therefore all the action takes place in the dining room and even when there is a break between acts the start of the next act takes us to the same point in time at which we had left the action. The play is structured as a series of episodes in which the focus is mainly on one particular character. In this way a picture is gradually built up of all the main characters in the play. The Play, 'An Inspector Calls' is all about the mystery surrounding the suicidal death of Eva Smith, a worker, and the moral values of a superior social class family, The Birlings. Each member of the Birling family has had a connection to the dead girl. No one has directly caused her death, nor even wished her dead, yet everyone present has contributed in some way to her demise. Patriarch Arthur Birling started it all when he fired the girl from his factory, but all the other family members contributed in their own ways to Eva's downfall. Birling's wife Sybil, future son-in-law Gerald Croft, son Eric and daughter Sheila: All contributed, independently of one another and without a second thought or remorse to Eva's demise. How is Tension created in the Play: During Act one, the playwright uses a lot of dramatic devices to change our opinions of the Birlings. We start off feeling happy for the Birlings as Shelia and Gerald are getting married. It is all quite relaxed but with the use of dramatic irony we start to think that actually the Birlings are quite foolish, stuck up and self obsessed, especially the character of Mr.Birling. The methods that Priestly uses to interest and involve the audience are the use of dramatic irony, tension and building up the story in chronological order, meaning he builds up the story in order, one person after another, in order of the times people that met Eva Smith which always keeps the audience on their toes. The build up of tension keeps the audience guessing, wondering who is involved in the death and who is really to blame. The use of dramatic irony is a key point to the play and without it Priestly wouldn't be able to get his point across. Priestly used the Lighting effects to cast a symbolic and expressive feel of the characters. This is reflected when the lights focus .Pink and intimate, until the inspector arrives. The pink and intimate setting/lighting show the relaxation the characters are feeling. Everyone is happy and there is romance in the air for Shelia and Gerald. But when the inspector arrives, the lighting changes from pink to hard and bright. This type of lighting wakes up the audience and shows something is about to happen. It is almost like an interrogation, being under the bright spotlight, it makes the audience

Investigating methods for preventing racial profiling in the field

Investigating methods for preventing racial profiling in the field Racial profiling occurs when law enforcement officers interpret race (specifically minority membership) as an indicator of increased risk of criminal behavior. Most racial profiling is conducted by officers engaged in street-level policing and this practice is generally banned by federal law, state statutes, and police manuals or guidelines (Wu, 2005). According the United States Department of Justice Fact Sheet on racial profiling: Racial profiling sends the dehumanizing message to our citizens that they are judged by the color of their skin and harms the criminal justice system by eviscerating the trust that is necessary if law enforcement is to effectively protect our communities (United States, Department of Justice, 2003). Major stakeholders with an interest towards this problem include the states Attorney General, county commissioners or city council members, agency leadership, law enforcement officers, and the public. In recognition of the problem, various corrective steps have been taken by states. These measures have included the development of statewide anti-racial profiling policies and mandatory demographic data collection to be conducted by law enforcement officers during all stops. This writer recommends the implementation of an early intervention system to compile information including the assignment history of each officer, traffic enforcement data, citizen complaints, and disciplinary actions taken against the officer. This system would be used by supervisors to monitor officer performance and to address potential problems before they escalate to serious racial profiling events. Used regularly, the program would identify potential racial biases more effectively and would place greater accountability upon supervisors to monitor officers performance. Problem Statement The problem is the use of racial profiling in the field of law enforcement. Specifically, the problem is the disproportionate number of minorities that are targeted for investigatory stops in comparison to non-minorities. Historically, African Americans, Hispanics, and since 9/11, Arab Americans have been subjected to higher instances of traffic stops and investigatory detentions. By definition, racial profiling occurs when a law enforcement officer questions, stops, searches, arrests, or investigates and individual because the officer holds a prejudicial notion that members of that persons racial or ethnic group have a greater likelihood than the rest of the population to commit the sort of crime the officer is investigating. (Barnes, Gross, 2002) Officers who practice racial profiling are in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection clause which states, No state shallà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. (Ward, 2002 ) In addition to the violation of civil rights, racial profiling contributes to the greater social problem of public distrust towards law enforcement. Stakeholders Attorney General In most states, the states Attorney General serves as the top law enforcement officer and lawyer for the state. For state-level law enforcement agencies, particularly the highway patrol or state police, the attorney general acts as a supervisor to the agencys director and therefore holds the responsibility for appointing the agency director as well as providing guidance to the agency in regards to the proper application of the law. In the event that a lawsuit is filed against a state law enforcement agency, the attorney general acts as the states legal representative. Furthermore, in a majority of states the attorney general is an elected official and is therefore subject to lose votes if the public is dissatisfied with his job performance. He must therefore stay abreast of any updates or changes to the law and ensure that the states law enforcement officers operate in compliance with these laws. County commissioners and City council members Within counties, cities, and towns, the county commissioners, city or town council members are legislative bodies responsible for passing laws, bills, and ordinances that govern the municipality. In city or town police departments, the police chief is appointed by the council and in county Sheriffs offices, the Sheriff is sometimes appointed by county commissioners (in instances where the position is vacant outside an election year). In the event that citizens are not satisfied with local law enforcements actions, the county commissioner or city council members will hear the complaint and make a final decision on the matter. As decision makers (and citizens) they have an interest in maintaining public safety and order. As elected officials, their performance is subject to public scrutiny and failure to adequately address rights violations is unlikely to get them reelected. Agency Leadership Depending on the level of law enforcement (state or local), the agency Director, the Chief of Police, or the county Sheriff have a direct responsibility in addressing racial profiling. All law enforcement agencies operate using a top-down leadership approach, with the Director, Chief, or Sheriff at the top of the hierarchal ladder, followed by Captains, Lieutenants, Sergeants, and Officers or Deputies. The agencys leader has an interest in making sure the department adheres to the laws and policy standards for law enforcement set forth by the state or local government. The federal government has enacted anti-racial profiling laws and most states have followed suit. Law enforcement agencies that are found to be non-compliant with these laws are held accountable. As the highest ranking employees within their respective agencies, these officials serve as the face of the agency and are often called upon to answer to the aforementioned commissioners or councils when allegations of officer misconduct are made by the public. Law Enforcement Officers Law enforcement officers are stakeholders because the publics perception of the police can have either a positive or negative impact on performance of their duties. Racial profiling is a contributor to the larger social problem of public distrust of the police. In Race, Cops, and Traffic Stops, Angela Davis argued that when minorities experience injustices that are tolerated by criminal justice officials, they develop distrust and disrespect for the justice system. That lack of faith translates into hopelessness, frustration, and sometimes violence (Davis, 2007). For law enforcement officers, public trust and cooperation is essential to their job function. When these two elements are diminished or absent in a community, fewer crimes are solved and officer safety is in jeopardy. Public The public relies on the police to enforce the law and maintain order. As a subgroup of the public, minority populations share these expectations that law enforcement officers will behave ethically. Inability to rely on the police to remain fair and impartial creates a barrier between the police and the minority communities they serve. When this occurs, the public is less likely to report crime and/or provide assistance to the police during criminal investigations. Eventually, some law enforcement officers develop an Us against Them approach towards minorities while minority groups adopt a Them against Us mentality. As a result, fewer crimes are solved and criminals remain on the street. Thus, racial profiling contributes to the perpetual cycle of police ineffectiveness caused by the disconnect between the police and the public. Background of Problem In Analysis of Racial Profiling as Policy Analysis, Samuel Myers, Jr. presents a 1999 report by Knowles, Persico, and Todd that in a stretch of Interstate 95 in Maryland from 1995 to 1999, 63% of all motorists searched were African American. However, only 18% of the motorists on the road were African American. Similar studies have shown patterns of disproportionality in traffic stops conducted by other law enforcement agencies. Allegations of racial profiling have resulted in a number of class action lawsuits and law enforcement agencies response to the problem varies. Some states or police departments have banned racial profiling while others have focused on collecting racial data on stops and searches in order to monitor the ratio of minorities to non-minorities being subjected to these activities. Many have also instituted training and education programs designed to specifically address racial profiling. In 2002, the Minnesota state legislature recommended a voluntary initiative for police departments to address this problem. The preamble to this legislation read in part, Law enforcement policies and training programs must emphasize the need to respect the balance between the rights of all persons to be free from unreasonable governmental intrusions and law enforcements need to enforce the law. Key components of the legislation included: The development of a statewide anti-racial profiling policy that obligated police to provide their name or badge number during routine traffic stops. Providing training to law enforcement officers to adhere to the model policy and dismiss from service any officer who did not complete the training. Collection of data for a 2-year period among participating agencies (Myers, 2002). In its response to racial profiling, the General Assembly of North Carolina enacted a law in 2009 that mandated both state and local law enforcement officers to compile information for each traffic stop to include the race, ethnicity, and sex of the driver along with the alleged traffic violation that led to the stop. The results of these studies and measures taken by state legislatures indicates recognition that the racial profiling does exist and that appropriate measures need to be taken to ban this practice. Alternative Policies In considering alternative ways to address the problem of racial profiling, one could consider a revision to departmental policy to include specific disciplinary action, adjusting training and policy standards to incorporate cultural sensitivity and diversity awareness training, or implementing an early intervention program to monitor officer performance and provide guidance. Alternative Policy #1 Disciplinary Action In an effort to deter officers from racial profiling, one alternative would be to revise departmental policy to include disciplinary guidelines that prescribe specific punishment according to the number and severity of substantiated offenses. For example, the guideline would prescribe counseling for a 1st offense, a written warning to be added to the officers personnel file and possible suspension for a 2nd offense, and termination for a 3rd offense. This method would provide officers with strict guidelines to govern their behavior and would leave no room for misinterpretation. Issuing a punishment-based policy would also give the public the perception that the agency takes the problem seriously and will respond to complaints with appropriate corrective action. The implementation of a zero tolerance policy, in theory, could improve police relations with minority communities and increase public confidence in law enforcement. This alternative could also lead to a decrease in officer morale, higher turnover, and fear of punishment (amongst officers) for doing their jobs. Officers who feel that stops involving minorities will be scrutinized may make an effort to avoid these investigatory stops, meaning that some guilty people will go undetected. This method does not take into account that some officers, by nature of their assignment or job function, will simply have more contacts with minorities and will likewise conduct more stops involving these groups. For example, an officer patrolling an inner city area is more likely to have interaction with minorities than an officer assigned to a rural area because metropolitan areas tend to be more racially and ethnically diverse. This should not serve as a definitive indicator that the officer with a higher percentage of stops involving minorities is guilty of racial profiling. This policy also does not allow for alternative measures such as reassignment, addition al training, or psychological assessment that would give the officer an opportunity to redeem himself. Lastly, punishment-based alternatives are generally ineffective in treating the root cause of the problem. Instead of determining why an officer has more stops involving minorities, this alternative is reactive in nature and only seeks to penalize the officer after this behavior is detected. Alternative #2 Adjust Training and Policy Standards The majority of law enforcement agencies across the nation require officers to complete yearly training to provide legal updates, refresher courses in officer safety, and to renew firearms qualification. In addition to these classes, departments should incorporate mandatory cultural sensitivity/diversity awareness training into the annual in-service training curriculum to specifically address racial profiling. In addition, agency policy could be adjusted to restrict officers to random interdiction and indiscriminate investigatory detentions. Training in cultural sensitivity and diversity awareness would help dispel stereotypes and overcome communication barriers that exist between the police and minority communities. In the District of Columbia for example, the Diversity Awareness and Sensitivity Training Program was developed by the Institute for Public Safety Justice to explore how issues of bias, prejudice, and stereotyping negatively impact effective law enforcement and the relationship between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve. Representatives from cultural and community groups are invited to incorporate culture-specific information into the program (Institute for Public Safety and Justice). While on patrol, police officers often use apparent violations of traffic laws as a pretext to stop and question drivers whom they suspect of involvement in illegal drug or firearm offenses. In actuality, the driver was stopped because of race. (Joh, 2007) With this alternative, agency policy would be adjusted to require officers to use discretionless policing and to prohibit pretextual traffic stops. Police officers would be required to take universal prescribed enforcement measures regardless of the circumstances of the stop. For instance, all drivers stopped for speeding, broken taillights, or seat belt violations would be asked the same questions and issued citations. In addition, officers conducting highway interdiction or running radar would be required to point their patrol vehicles away from traffic in order to eliminate racial identification as a factor in the decision to conduct a traffic stop. Critics of cultural sensitivity training for law enforcement view these efforts as an attempt at political correctness that is discriminatory and demeaning to non-minority officers. Training coordinators could also find it difficult to deciding which cultures should be highlighted in the training program. Some would view the inclusion of only African American and Hispanic cultures as singling out these races (or ethnicities) as having negative interactions with the police. As a result of this training, law enforcement officers may consciously or subconsciously treat these minority groups with kid gloves. Police discretion is an integral part of effective policing. Forbidding the police from considering racial characteristics may reduce this effectiveness. Oftentimes, those who engage in certain criminal activities tend to share certain characteristics relating to specific socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds. For instance, because of its low cost, the sale of crack cocaine is more common in poor, predominately African American communities. However, the sale of methamphetamine is more common amongst whites. Forcing the police to disregard such characteristics may lead to less effective policing and to increased crime. (Persico, 2002) Alternative #3 Early Intervention Program Law enforcement agencies could implement an early intervention system that would be used to identify officers who appear to have a tendency towards racial profiling. This system would be a centralized database within the agency that compiles information to include: each officers assignment area (or zone), traffic enforcement data (of all individuals stopped or detained), citizen complaints, and a record of all tentative or final formal disciplinary actions taken against the officer in the past. Early intervention is not to be confused with a formal discipline, which carries a negative connotation. Whereas discipline involves official documented actions toward officers in response to substantiated misconduct allegations, early intervention actions are informal and confidential. Officers flagged by the early intervention system should be addressed in confidential counseling sessions and a Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) should be agreed upon between the supervisor and the officer. Recommended Policy An early intervention program represents a proactive approach eliminating racial profiling that tailors corrective measures to fit the individual officer. Early intervention systems are useful in identifying potential problems before they escalate into more serious issues requiring formal disciplinary action. Using this method also places greater accountability upon supervisors to closely monitor the performance of their subordinates. In contrast to traditional performance reviews that involve subjective assessments, this policy is objective in nature, identifying specific areas of performance, such as citizens complaints, and developing an appropriate response to these problems. Implementation and Monitoring An early intervention program should include four basic components: performance indicators, an identification and selection process, intervention, and post-intervention monitoring (Walker, 2005, 108). Performance indicators Include data such as assignment area, racial demographic data of individuals detained (whether citation were issued or not), citizen complaints, and history of disciplinary actions. Identification and Selection Should be treated as two separate stages. This would result in some officers who are initially identified based on compiled data that would not be selected for intervention. Instead, the nature and context of these criteria should be further evaluated before selection is made. An officer working in a high-crime area is likely to receive more complaints than an officer working in a low-crime area. Therefore, officers identified in the system as having relatively high numbers of complaints would be subject to further screening that may reveal a legitimate explanation. Intervention Consists of confidential counseling between the selected officer and supervisor and may include the recommendation for remedial training specific to the officers needs. The counseling session should include a discussion of the performance problems identified by the system and an agreement on the steps that will be taken to correct these issues. Post-intervention monitoring Following the intervention, the supervisor would be required to monitor the selected officers performance for a specified time period. Once the time period has passed without a significant number of additional problem indicators, monitoring frequency may be decreased or discontinued. Funding Funding could be accomplished by reallocating law enforcement grant funds to include a fund that designed to target racial profiling. These funds would be provided to departments as an incentive to voluntarily implement an early intervention strategy. Grants would be used towards assisting in startup, supervisor training, and maintenance of the system along with remedial training materials for officers. Evaluative Criteria Equity Supervisors should analyze officer reports and field interview cards while continuing to monitor the early intervention system to access citizen contacts and the purpose for stops and/or arrests. Using this method of evaluation will ensure that officers are enforcing the law fairly across minority and non-minority populations. Liberty/Freedom Periodic monitoring of the early intervention system would highlight the frequency and type of citizen complaints against an officer and would initiate further inquiry into the officers performance. From there, the department could determine if any civil rights violations have been committed by the officer and take immediate action.

The Example of Questionnaire

CODE QUESTIONNAIRE This Questionnaire has the purpose to identify the correlation between the habit of watching English subtitle movie and Reading Comprehension achievement. All of the questions are for any movie or serial which uses English as the subtitle. Please be honest in answering every single of question. This questionnaire is purely for conduct a thesis in order to get the data. It will not affect your score mark at the certain lesson. The last, your data will be private for the researcher only. Thank you.Name| : ______________________| NIM| : _______________________| Gender| : ______________________| Class| : _______________________| Age| : ______________________| Academic Year| : _______________________| Address| : ______________________| Contact No. | : ______________________| General Question Have you watched at least 1 movie with english subtitle in the past of two years? a. Yesb. No. Specific Question 1. How many movies with english subtitle that you watch in a month? a. More than 10 titles b. 8 – 10 titles c. – 7 titles d. 2 – 4 titles e. Only 1 title 2. For the movie with multiple episode (serial), how many episodes that you watch in a month? a. More than 30 episodes b. 21 – 30 episodes c. 13 – 20 episodes d. 5 – 12 episodes e. 1 – 4 episodes 3. How often do you watch movie with english subtitle? a. Every single day (no day without movie) b. Almost everyday c. Twice or third in a week d. Once a week e. Once a month 4. How many times do you spend for watching movie with english subtitle in a day? a. More than 5 hours b.Around 5 hours c. Around 3 – 4 hours d. Around 2 hours e. Less than an hour 5. Rank the reasons of watching movie with english subtitle on it: Habitual| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Curious the cultural life as seen as on the movie| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Like the storyline or the topic of the movie| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Enjoying free time rather than other activities| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6. What language do you prefer in movie with foreign language? (English include) a. English subtitle b.Bahasa subtitle c. Original language subtitle d. No subtitle but English dubbing e. No subtitle but Bahasa or original dubbing 7. The most reason of choosing english subtitle more than other subtitle (Bahasa or other language) a. Improving English b. Understandable c. More interesting d. The available one e. Accidental 8. How does your habitual of watching movie impact your time to study? a. Prefer watching movie than study b. Study at first but can not concentrate, my mind is on the movie c. Watch movie while studying d.Concentrate to finish studying at first, then watching movie e. Prefer studying than watching movie 9. What do you do when you find difficulties in understanding the subtitle? a. Replay back immediately to the part that I lack of understanding b. Keep the movie goes and replay it again after the end c. Ask friends/try to find the s ummary or review of the movie d. Let the movie goes try to find the meaning over the actor/actrees action e. Just let the movie goes and ends 10. What do you do after watching movie with english subtitle? . Find and watch other movies b. Make a review, summary, or deep analysis c. Discuss with friends d. Replay it again e. Nothing to do, it is just for fun 11. Where do you get movies with english subtitle? a. Purchase CD/DVD online or offline b. Rent CD/DVD in the rental c. Download free online d. Copy from friends e. Accidental 12. How important the aspects you choose movie? Aspects| TU| U| I| VI| The storyline| 1| 2| 3| 4| Actors/actress| 1| 2| 3| 4| Literature aspetcs (genre, year,| 1| 2| 3| 4| | 1| 2| 3| 4| 13.

The Dangers of Radio Isotopes

Dangers of Radioisotopes: when radlatlon collides with molecules In living cells It can damage them. If the DNA In the nucleus of a cell is damaged, the cell may become cancerous. The cell then goes out of control, divides rapidly and causes serious health problems. Radiation warning symbol The greater the dose of radiation a cell gets. the greater the chance that the cell will become cancerous. However, very high doses of radiation can kill the cell completely. We use this property of radiation to kill cancer cells, and also harmful bacteria and other micro-organisms.The hazard symbol Is shown on containers of radioactive substances to warn of the danger. Alpha. beta and gamma radiation The degree to which each different type of radiation is most dangerous to the body depends on whether the source is outside or inside the body. If the radioactive source Is Inside the body, perhaps after being swallowed or breathed In: Alpha radiation is the most dangerous because it is easily absorb ed by cells. Beta and gamma radiation are not as dangerous because they are less likely to be absorbed by a cell and will usually just pass right through it.If the radioactive source is outside the body: Alpha radiation is not as dangerous because it Is unlikely to reach living cells inside the body. Beta and gamma radiation are the most dangerous sources because they can penetrate the skin and damage the cells inside. Radioactive rays are penetrating and ionizing and can therefore destroy living cells. Small does of radiation over an extended period may cause cancer and eventually death. strong does can kill Instantly. Marle curle and Enrico Fermi died due to exposure to radiation. Several precautions should be observed while handling adioisotopes. Some of these are listed in the following:- 1 .No radioactive substance should be handled with bare hands. Alpha and beta emitters can be handled using thick gloves. Gamma ray emitters must be handled only by remote control that is by me chanical means Gamma rays are the most dangerous and over exposure can lead to serious biological damage. 2. Radioactive materials must be stored In thick lead containers. 3. Reactor and laboratories dealing with and conducting experiments with radioactive metals must be surrounded with thick concrete lined with lead. . People working with radioactive Isotopes must wear protective clothing which Is left in the laboratory.The workers must be checked regularly with dosimeters. and appropriate measures should be taken in cases of overdose. 5. Radioactive waste must be sealed and buried deep in the ground. ‘Of3 LOCK ra010actlve stock materlals ana sealed sources In a secured contalner or a secured storage area when not in use. A stock material is radioactive material as provided by the vendor and does not include material withdrawn from the original stock for experimental use. Do not leave radioactive materials unsecured in an unattended lab, even for a short time, unless the lab is locked.Supervise visitors to the lab. When visitors who are not accompanied by authorized lab personnel enter the lab, find out who they are and why they are there. If you discover that radioactive material is missing or lost and cannot be accounted for, notify EHS no later than the next business day. Keeping Radiation Exposure ALARA (top) The acronym ALARA, which stands for As Low As Reasonably Achievable, means that radiation workers should make every reasonable effort to keep radiation exposures s far below regulatory dose limits as practical.Adhering to the following practices can help keep radiation doses ALARA. Be familiar with the properties of the radioisotope to be used and with any precautions and concerns specific to that radioisotope and material. (See Appendix B for detailed information about the radioisotopes most commonly used at the University). Unfamiliar radioisotope procedures should be rehearsed before radioactive material is actually used. Wear protective clo thing. Wear radiation monitor badges when appropriate. Have all the necessary materials and equipment available and ready at the start of a procedure.For those radioisotopes with significant external radiation levels, use remote handling tools, such as tongs, to limit direct handling of stock and sample vials. Survey frequently and extensively. Don't assume that contamination will only be found on the bench top. Clean up contamination in the work area promptly. Change gloves and lab coats as they become contaminated. Work in a hood during procedures using volatile materials such as 1-125 or millicurie amounts of S-35 methionine/cysteine. Cover radioactive waste cans at all times and store waste cans away from areas in which people spend substantial amounts of time.Provide shielding for waste cans with significant external radiation levels. Do not store contaminated materials, including gels, at any desk area. Survey yourself and your clothing when radioisotope work is finished and b efore leaving the lab. Protective Clothing (top) Lab accidents often involve spills or splashes which can readily contaminate exposed wrists, legs and feet. For any work with an open radioactive source, wear: gloves (the ongest length available) a full-length lab coat (worn closed with sleeves rolled down) close-toed shoes.

The Effects Of Increased Privatization Of Health Care On...

The World Bank (WB or Bank) has transformed from serving primarily to reconstruct post WWII Europe to the world’s largest external funder of health due to the globalization movement. To the global South, the Bank will primarily be known by its controversial Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs). This essay will examine the effects of increased privatization of health care in Africa as a result of loan conditionalities imposed by the Bank SAPs. Effects of SAPs on health and social determinants of health in African countries will be examined with the support of empirical data, followed by a possible explanation for lack of response from the Bank. An outline of existing and proposed alternative solutions will also be evaluated. Overview of SAPs SAPs are the result of the Bank’s increasing role in the health sector in the 1980s and 1990s. Conditional loans are given by the Bank to developing countries for â€Å"policy adjustment† in order to stimulate economic growth. Main principles of such SAPs include macroeconomic management and stability, trade liberalization, and public sector contraction (2), which entails decentralizing the government through privatization of state-owned enterprises, opening up markets for foreign trade, and reducing public sector (including health) budgets. Motives for such policy reform as stated by the Bank include: the need to address resources misallocation and insufficiency, equitable competition of health care through free market, and the need forShow MoreRelatedThe International Monetary Fund And The World Bank Were1419 Words   |  6 Pagesglobal economic order. The World Bank s focus is the provision of long-term loans to support development projects. The IMF concentrates on providing loans to stabilize countries with short-term financial crises Critics of the World Bank and IMF have argued that policies implemented by African Countries, intended to control inflation and generate foreign exchange to help pay off the IMF debts, often result in increased unemployment, poverty and economic polarization thereby impeding sustainable developmentRead MoreSo Far International Monetary Fund (Imf) Has Been Failed to Curve Corruption, Reduce Public Spending and Develop Macroeconomic Policies4014 Words   |  17 PagesNations are members of the IMF with a few exceptions such as Cuba, Lichtenstein and Andorra. (About the IMF:IMF Website) The IMF was originally designed to promote international economic cooperation and provide its member countries with short term loans so they could trade with other countries (achieve balance of payments). The IMF is one of the most powerful institutions on Earth -- yet few know how it works. Functions of IMF: 1. International Monetary Cooperation 2. Promote exchange RateRead MoreNeoliberalism Is A Political Project For Restore Class Power1813 Words   |  8 Pages20 percent accounts for three-quarters of world income . Income inequality increased by 32% between 1960 and 2005 in the UK and in the US it increased by 23% . Neoliberal governance often departs from the theoretical template, providing further proof for Harvey’s thesis that neoliberalism is a political project to restore class power. These pragmatic departures prove very beneficial to the rich and in turn result in increased inequality and poverty. Harvey argues that neoliberal governance has twoRead More Failure of IMF and World Bank Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa4500 Words   |  18 PagesIMF and World Bank Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa Over the last several hundred years, Africa has been deprived of the peace that it so desperately needs. For over 400 years, Africa was subjected to the harsh trans-Atlantic slave trade. Europeans and Americans brutally uprooted millions of Africans and shipped them away. Torn away from their homes, Africans were inhumanely exploited for their labor. The slave trade had a devastating effect not only on those involved, but also on